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Asian J Kinesiol > Volume 22(1); 2020 > Article
Song: Effect of Perceptual Exercise Program on Basic Motor Skills in a Child with Intellectual Disability: Single Subject Research Design

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of perceptual exercise program on basic motor skills in a child with intellectual disability.

METHODS

One child with intellectual disability was participated in this study. Perceptual exercise program was performed 60 minutes per session, twice a week for 32 weeks. To evaluate the basic motor skills of the subject pre and post the exercise, subject was measured in six areas of operational skills including throwing, catching, kicking, hitting, bouncing, and rolling; two areas of movement skills including balance beam, walking backward; and two areas of stabilization skills including standing with one leg and escaping.

RESULTS

The subject who participated in this study gained 60% throwing, 60% catching, 80% kicking, 60% hitting, 80% bouncing, and 60% rolling was increased respectively in the operational skills and 80% balance beam, 100% walking backward in the movement skills, and 80% standing with one leg, 100% escaping in the stabilization skills.

CONCLUSIONS

Those results show that perceptual exercise program was positive influence on operational skills, movement skills and stabilization skills in a child with intellectual disability.

์„œ๋ก 

์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ์ง€์ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์ ์‘ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต, ์ž์กฐ, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™œ๋™, ์ž์œจ์„ฑ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ํ•™์—…, ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค[1]. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์šด๋™ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค[2]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์  ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ, ๋…๋ฆฝ์‹ฌ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค[3]. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ง€์ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์ฒด๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฅ์•  ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด๋“ฑํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค[4].
์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™(perceptual motor)์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๊ฐ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด๋™์€ ์›€์ง์ž„ ๋˜๋Š” ์šด๋™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค[5]. ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์ž์„ธ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ณ„, ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณ„, ์ „์ •๊ณ„์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค[6]. ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์กฐ์ž‘์šด๋™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋น„์žฅ์• ์•„๋™์˜ 4-5๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์žฅ์• ์•„๋™๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒด์œกํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค[7]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™์€ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Jeong [8]์€ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์‹ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 7์„ธ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ›„์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์—ฐ๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ, ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒํ™œ์—ฐ๋ น์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[9]. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žํ์„ฑ์•„๋™๊ณผ ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์žฅ์• ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์„œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์‘๋ ฅ, ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์˜์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  [10], ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ํŠน์ˆ˜์ฒด์œก ํ™œ๋™์ด ์žํ์„ฑ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ์ด๋™์šด๋™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ž‘์šด๋™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[11].
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ , ์ฐจ๊ธฐ, ์น˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์„ธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[12]. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์€ ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ท ํ˜•๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋˜๋ž˜ ์•„๋™์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[13]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์•„๋™๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค[14].
์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์Šต๋“์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์  ํ–‰๋™, ์ƒ๋™ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ดํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ์šด๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•™์Šต์— ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[15].
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™ 1๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ 32์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ ์†Œ์žฌ S์„ผํ„ฐ ์†Œ์† ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 6ํ•™๋…„ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™ 1๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ธ‰์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋™์ด๋‹ค. Eyberg ์•„๋™ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ ์‹ฌ๋„์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 148์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 14์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์—ฐ๋ น 13์„ธ 9๊ฐœ์›”๋กœ 1๋‚จ 1๋…€ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ์ถœ์ƒ ์‹œ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ์ •์ƒ๋ฐœ์œก๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์ธ๋ถˆ๋ช…์˜ ์ง€์  ์žฅ์•  2๊ธ‰ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ง€์‹œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‘œํ˜„์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ๋™์ผ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋˜ํ’€์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๊น”๊น”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์›ƒ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ๋ฐœํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฅ์–ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„ ์‹์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ์—ด์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํƒˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์นจ์„ ๋ฑ‰๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นจ์„ ๋ฑ‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํƒˆํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋˜๋งŒ ์นœ๊ทผ๊ฐ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ์•ˆ์•„์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ฒด์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋งก์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ทจ์ง€์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ <Table 1>์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Ulrich [16]๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ TGMD-2(๋Œ€๊ทผ์œก์šด๋™๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ) ์ธก์ •ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 2ํšŒ์”ฉ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ 5๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1์ ์”ฉ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ 5๊ฐœ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์‹œ 5์ , 4๊ฐœ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์‹œ 4์ , 3๊ฐœ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์‹œ 3์ , 2๊ฐœ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์‹œ 2์ , 1๊ฐœ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์‹œ 1์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ฒด์œก ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 3์ธ ์ค‘ 2์ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ข… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ธก์ •ํ‘œ๋Š” <Table 2>, <Table 3>์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ Jang et al. [17] ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šด๋™์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 60๋ถ„, ์ฃผ 2ํšŒ, ์ด 32์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ฒด๋ ฅ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šด๋™ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ (1~16์ฃผ)์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์šด๋™์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 17~32์ฃผ์—๋Š” 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์šด๋™์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์›€์ง์ž„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋А๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜์ง‘์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ €์žฅ ํ˜น์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ปจ๋””์…˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฅ๋ฏธ์™€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ <Table 4>์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ž๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  32์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „, ์‚ฌํ›„์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ฆ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์œจ(%)๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค .

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ 32์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” <Table 5>์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ๋Š” 1์ ์—์„œ 4์ (3์ , 60%), ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋Š” 0์ ์—์„œ 3์ (3์ , 60%), ์ฐจ ๊ธฐ๋Š” 0์ ์—์„œ 4์ (4์ , 80%), ์น˜๊ธฐ๋Š” 1์ ์—์„œ 4์ (3์ , 60%), ํŠ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1์ ์—์„œ 5์ (4์ , 80%), ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1์ ์—์„œ 4์ (3์ , 60%)์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  6๊ฐœ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ๋Œ€๋Š” 0์ ์—์„œ 4์ (4์ , 80%), ๋’ค๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 0์ ์—์„œ 5์ (5์ , 100%)์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  2๊ฐœ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์™ธ๋ฐœ์„œ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1์ ์—์„œ 5์ (4์ , 80%), ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” 0์ ์—์„œ 5์ (5์ , 100%)์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  2๊ฐœ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋…ผ์˜

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ(60%), ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ(60%), ์ฐจ๊ธฐ(80%), ์น˜๊ธฐ(60%), ํŠ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ(80%), ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ(60%) 6๊ฐœ ์˜์—ญ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด Jang et al. [17]์€ ์žํ์„ฑ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™๊ณผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Lee et al. [18] ์€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์œ ์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์กฐ์ž‘ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ 6๊ฐœ(์น˜๊ธฐ, ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌํŠ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ, ์ฐจ๊ธฐ, ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ, ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ) ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Lee et al. [19] ๋“ฑ์€ ์žํ์„ฑ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ, ํŠ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ, ์ฐจ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋œ ์š”์ธ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์ง€๊ฐ, ๋†’์ด์ง€๊ฐ, ์„ธ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ฐ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ง€๊ฐ, ์†๋„์ง€๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ง€๊ฐ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋ˆˆ-์†-๋ฐœ์˜ ํ˜‘์‘ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‹ค[17]. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…์นญ๊ณผ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž๊ณผ ๋’ค, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์™ผ์ชฝ, ๋†’์Œ๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ค€๋น„์šด๋™์—๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด๋ช…์นญ ์ตํžˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ์›€์ง์ž„ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€๋„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•™์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ค‘ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šต๋“ํ•ด์˜จ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ ๊ณ  ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์šด๋™ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ 1~8์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ์ ์‘๊ณผ์ •์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ดํƒˆ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์นจ์„ ๋ฑ‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋จน์„ ์ฅ๊ณ  ๋ชธ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฅด ๋–จ๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณต ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™์˜ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ 9์ฃผ์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ž๊ทน์˜ ์ ์‘๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์‘์šฉํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ํ‰๊ท ๋Œ€์™€ ๋’ค๋กœ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šด๋™ ํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 80%, 100%๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„  ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด Lee t al. [18]์€ ์žํ์„ฑ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์•„์ฒด์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ‰๊ท ๋Œ€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์„  ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋’ค๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ, ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ธฐ, ๊ฐค๋กœํ•‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์šด๋™์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Joo & Han [20]์€ ์žํ์„ฑ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘๊ฐœ๋…ํ™” ๊ต์œก์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ Choi & Kim[21]์€ ์žํ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™ ํ”„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋™์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์ง€๊ฐ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณต ๊ฐ„์ง€๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ํ˜‘์‘๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ „์ธก์ • ์‹œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์–ด 10์ดˆ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์šด๋™์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 32์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ‰ํ˜•์œ ์ง€์™€ ๊ทœ์น™์ค€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฒด๋ ฅ์šด๋™ ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ์ฒด ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ์žก๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์†-๋ฐœ์˜ ํ˜‘์‘์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์‹œ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์˜์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „/ํ›„, ์ขŒ/์šฐ, ๋„“๊ฒŒ/์ข๊ฒŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ง€๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ง€๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ‰๊ท ๋Œ€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ‰๊ท ๋Œ€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์™€ ๋’ค๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์— ํฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์™ธ๋ฐœ์„œ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šด๋™ ํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 80%, 100%๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด Park & Shim [22]์€ ๋ณผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ฐœ์„œ๊ธฐ, ์œ—๋ชธ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๊ตฝํžˆ๊ธฐ, ์•ž๊ตฌ๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ๊ณตํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Lee et al, [18]์€ ์œ ์•„์ฒด์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ฐœ์„œ๊ธฐ, ์ฒด์ „๊ตด, ์•ž๊ตฌ๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ๊ณต ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ˆ์ •ํ˜• ์šด๋™์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „์ธก์ •์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์–‘ํŒ”์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์„ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋’ค๋Œ์•„์„œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๊ณต์„ ์žก๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ์†์˜ ํ˜‘์‘๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์ดˆ๊ธฐ 1-8์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์‘ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 8์ฃผ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต์„ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณต์„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ์ถœ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์™ธ๋ฐœ์„œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณตํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ ์š”์ธ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์ง€๊ฐ, ๋ˆˆ-์†-๋ฐœ์˜ ํ˜‘์‘์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ง€๊ฐ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ง€๊ฐ, ๋†’์ด์ง€๊ฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ง€๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‰ํ˜•ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๋ ฅ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ ์ƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘ ์‹ฌ์žก๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์กฐ์ ˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜ ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „/ํ›„, ์ขŒ/์šฐ, ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ/๋А๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ, ๋†’๋‚ฎ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†’์ด์ง€๊ฐ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ง€๊ฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ์–ด๋А ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์–ด๋А ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ ๋ฉฐ ๋ˆˆ-์†-๋ฐœ์˜ ํ˜‘์‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ท ํ˜•๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์™ธ๋ฐœ์„œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์  ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ์ง€๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์šด๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„๋™์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ•™์Šต ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™ 1๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 32์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ž‘๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ, ์ฐจ๊ธฐ, ์น˜๊ธฐ, ํŠ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ), ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(ํ‰๊ท ๋Œ€, ๋’ค๋กœ๊ฑท๊ธฐ), ์•ˆ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(์™ธ๋ฐœ์„œ๊ธฐ, ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ) ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™์ด ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์šด๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™ 1๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ „์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ๊ทœ๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Tableย 1.
Physical characterlistics of the subject.
Subject
Gender Male
Age(yrs) 13.6
Height(cm) 151.2
Body weight(kg) 61.9
BMI(kg/m2) 27.1
Tableย 2.
Operational skills measurement.
Category Measurement Items Pre-test Post-test
Operational skills Throwing Throw the tennis ball overhand with one hand.
* Performance criteria
1. The windup starts from the bottom of the hand / arm.
2. Rotate your hips and shoulders with the non-throwable side facing the wall.
3. Move the weight by pushing forward with the opposite foot of the throwing arm.
4. After throwing the ball, follow throw diagonally toward the opposite side of the throwing arm.
5. Throw the ball over 8m with one hand.
Catching You can catch the ball.
* Performance criteria
1. Reach out in front of your body and bend your elbows flexibly.
2. Look at the flying ball.
3. Reach out to receive the ball.
4. Use only your hands to get the ball.
5. You can receive a ball falling from 2 meters.
Kicking You can kick the ball and score the goal at 5m in front of you.
* Performance criteria
1. Approach the ball at high speed.
2. There is a momentary lip or wide stride before kicking.
3. The unfooted foot is placed right next to or behind the ball.
4. Kick it with the instep or heel of your foot.
5. The goal can be accurately scored at the goal of 5meters..
Hitting You can hit the ball on the T-bar.
** Performance criteria
1. Hold the bat in the order of the hands you normally use on the hands that you do not use.
2. Keep your feet parallel and point to the virtual tossor to the side of the body that you are not using.
3. Rotate your shoulders and hips while swinging.
4. Move the center of gravity towards the forefoot.
5. Hit the ball with the bat.
Bouncing Bounce continuously in a ball.
* Performance criteria
1. Touch the ball with one hand at the waist (belt) height.
2. Push the ball with your fingertips (not your palm).
3. Keep the ball in front of or near the side of your main foot.
4. Do not move your foot to keep hitting the ball.
5. Control the ball four times in a row.
Rolling Roll the ball to hit the bowling pin 5 meters in front of you.
1. Swing the chest towards the bowling pin and swing your dominant hand down / back behind the torso.
2. The swinging hand is facing the bowling pins, with the opposite foot forward.
3. Lower your body by bending your knees.
4. Roll the ball close to the floor so that it is not bound more than 10 cm.
5. Set the bowling pin exactly 5meters ahead.
Tableย 3.
Movement and stabilzation skills measurement.
Category Measurement Items
Movement skills Balance beam walk Cross the balance beam in less than 5 seconds.
* Performance criteria
1. Sometimes you lose balance, but soon center.
2. Use both arms to help balance yourself.
3. It does not fall from the balance beam.
4. The gaze stares at the front.
5. You can walk on balance beam within 5 seconds.
Walk backward You can walk straight backwards along a 6cm wide line.
* Performance criteria
1. Keep your back straight
2. The front of the sole touches the ground first.
3. You can walk cross your feet.
4. You can walk while keeping your center with both hands.
5. You can walk straight back along a 6cm wide line.
Stabilization skills standing with one leg You can be standing with single leg for more than 10 seconds.
* Performance criteria
1. Lift the legs that are not supported.
2. You can stand centered without falling.
3. Use both arms to balance.
4. Sometimes lose balance but stand up immediately.
5. You can stand for more than 10 seconds.
Escaping You can avoid seeing the flying ball.
* Performance criteria
1. Do not bow or block your head.
2. Look at the flying ball.
3. You can avoid moving your upper body without moving your feet.
4. You can avoid the ball without losing your center.
5. You can freely avoid the ball while moving.
Tableย 4.
Perceptual exercise program.
Index program Intensity Time(min)
Warm up Learn your body name - Face areas (eyes, nose, mouth, forehead, ears) 5
Body range and movement activity - Upper body area (neck, shoulder, hand, wrist)
- Lower body (waist, knee, ankle)
Main exercise Fitness Cardiopulmonary endurance - treadmill 800m(300m run/100m walk) HRmax 60-70% 20
Muscle strength - squat & sit up 20-40timesร—2set
Power - air board or box jump 20-40timesร—2set
Balance - single leg balance 10-30sec
- balance beam walk(forward, side, backward)
Coordination - jump rope(double leg, cross jump, X- figure) 10-30times
Perceptual exercise Catch (ball) Eye-hand coordination 1. Seeing the flying ball and receiving it with your chest 30
Eye-hand-foot coordination 2. See the flying ball and use only your hands
Direction perception 3. Receiving balls falling from high places
Height perception 4. Get the ball while moving
throwing (ball) Eye-hand coordination 1. Throwing the ball with both hands in the up, middle and down directions (away, close, light, heavy)
Body perception 2. Throw the ball with one hand (away, close, light, heavy)
Strength perception 3. Throw the ball to the left or right direction (one hand, two hands)
Direction perception 4. Hit the target
Weight perception
Rolling (ball) Eye-hand coordination 1. Rolling the ball level1, 2
Eye-hand-foot coordination 2. Hold the ball with both hands and roll to hit the bowling pin 1-16 week
Spatial perception 3. Hold the ball with one hand and set the bulling pin Static movement
4. Roll the ball with one hand while stepping to hit the bowling pin
Kick (ball) Eye-foot coordination 1. Kick a ball in place (Toe, foot inside, back of foot)
Speed perception 2. Kick the ball while running
Time perception 3. Kick the ball in front of you (front, side)
Direction perception 4. Move left and right to kick Level 3-4
Body perception 17-32 week
Bounce (gym ball) Eye-hand coordination 1. bounce by pressing the ball with both hands Dynamic movement
Eye-hand-foot coordination 2. Bounce the Ball with One Hand
Spatial perception 3. Bounce the ball alternately
4. Move and bounce the ball (two hands, one hand)
Hit (racket) Eye-hand coordination 1. Hit the throwing shuttlecock
Eye-hand-foot coordination 2. Hit the shuttlecock up and down
Height perception 3. Hit up / down according to the throwing shuttlecock height
Direction perception 4. Move left and right to hit
Speed perception
Hit (baseball bat) Eye-hand coordination 1. Push the ball on the T-bar
2. Hit the ball on the T-bar
Height perception 3. Rotate upper body
4. Move your weight and hit the ball
Cool down Stretching 5
Tableย 5.
Changes in operational skills, movement skills and stabilization skills of pre and post during 32-weeks perceptual exercise
Index Exercise Pre Post Increase Rate
Operational skills throwing(score) 1 4 3 60%
catching (score) 0 3 3 60%
kicking (score) 0 4 4 80%
Hitting (score) 1 4 3 60%
bouncing (score) 1 5 4 80%
rolling (score) 1 4 3 60%
Movement skills balance beam(score) 0 4 4 80%
walking backward(score) 0 5 5 100%
Stabilization skills standing with one leg(score) 1 5 4 80%
escaping(score) 0 5 5 100%

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