Asian J Kinesiol Search

CLOSE


Asian J Kinesiol > Volume 21(4); 2019 > Article
Kim, Lim, and An: Association of Physical Activity and Handgrip Strength among Korean Elderly

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity and the handgrip strength in the elderly.

METHODS

Using the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) 2017 dataset, we selected 1,427 participants aged 65 or older who without missing data. One-way batch analysis was used to determine the difference of handgrip strength according to the frequency of physical activity. If there was a difference between the groups, a post-test was conducted to confirm the statistical significance. The repeated measurement two-way ANOVA was performed to test mean difference between groups and measurements, and the effect of interactions between them on the significant level of ฮฑ=.05.

RESULTS

The handgrip strength was higher in participants who reported higher physical activity frequency. In addition, the elderly women who participated in the higher moving place physical activity and walking exercise, and the elderly men who participated in the higher resistance training exercise, the handgrip strength was significantly higher.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that the higher frequency of physical activity may associated with higher handgrip strength in Korean elderly. However, because we did not consider the difference of total volume of physical activity in each group, further study is needed.

์„œ๋ก 

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์€ 2019๋…„ 14.9%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2060๋…„์—๋Š” 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„๊ฐ€ 43.9%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋ น ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[1]. ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋…„ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ[2], ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[3]. 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 150๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๋˜๋Š” 75๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ์ฃผ 2์ผ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[4].
์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[5]. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฒด๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ €๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค[6]. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๋‹น 1ํšŒ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ์•ฝ 50.0% ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[7].
๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ฒด๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค[8]. ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[9-11]. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค[9].
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์•…๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค[12]. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์•…๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ท ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์žฅ์•  ์ •๋„์™€ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[13]. ์•…๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์•…๋ ฅ์€ ๊ทผ์œก ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค[14]. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•…๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…ธ์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์•…๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[15, 16]. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฐ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์šด๋™, ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ์šด๋™ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šด๋™๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋นˆ๋„๋„ ํ‰๊ท  3์ผ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[17]. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•…๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์œ ์ง€์™€ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ์•ฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค[18].
๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰(MET)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณต๋ถ€๋น„๋งŒ, ์ขŒ์‹์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[19, 20]. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 1์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ด ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฒด๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋‹น 1ํšŒ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด 50.0% ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋นˆ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์›์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋นˆ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•…๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์•…๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์„ ์ •

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ณธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ „๊ตญ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ 7๊ธฐ 2017๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 8,127๋ช… ์ค‘ ๋งŒ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ 1,671๋ช…์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์‹ ์žฅ(cm), ์ฒด์ค‘(kg) ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 3์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์ฃผ๋™ ์†์˜ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ 1ํšŒ์ด์ƒ ์ธก์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋…ธ์ธ 1,427๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€ํ‘œ

1) ์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ธก

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฅ(cm), ์ฒด์ค‘(kg) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2) ์ฃผ๋‹น ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜

์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€(Global Physical Activity Questionnaire; GPAQ)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™, ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋™ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™, ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ผ์ˆ˜, ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์›์‹œ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฃผ๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์ผ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(๋ถ„)์ค‘์— ์ฃผ๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์ผ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ A-Group(์šด๋™์•ˆํ•จ), B-Group(1~3ํšŒ), C-Group(4~5ํšŒ), D-Group(6~7ํšŒ)์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ [7], ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” A-Group(์šด๋™์•ˆํ•จ), B-Group(1~2ํšŒ), C-Group(3~4ํšŒ), D-Group(5ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ)์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[21].

3) ์•…๋ ฅ์ธก์ •

๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•…๋ ฅ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์•…๋ ฅ๊ณ„(Digital grip strength dynamometer, T.K.K 5401, Japan)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•…๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์–‘์† 1, 2, 3์ฐจ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ์ค‘ ์ฃผ๋™ ์†์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•…๋ ฅ(์•…๋ ฅ[kg] /์ฒด์ค‘[kg] x 100, %)์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[22].

4) ์ž๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

์ œ 7๊ธฐ 2017๋…„๋„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋™ ์†์˜ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ์ •๊ทœ์„ฑ ๋งŒ์กฑ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์›๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ฆ(Scheffe-test)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์€ p<.05๋กœ ์„ค์ • ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ7๊ธฐ 2017๋…„ ์›์‹œ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 8,127๋ช… ์ค‘ ๋งŒ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋‚จ๋…€๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์•…๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 1,427๋ช…์„ ์ตœ์ข…๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋™ ์† ์•…๋ ฅ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์€ <Table 1>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์€ <Table 2>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋นˆ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ A- Group ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋™ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” A-Group์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” B-Group, D-Group, C-Group ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ D-Group, B-Group, A-Group, C-Group ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ. ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” A-Group, D-Group, B-Group, C-Group ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” A-Group์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘ D-Group, C-Group, B-Group ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…๋ ฅ

๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋นˆ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” <Table 3>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ A-Group ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Group์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ %๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ Group๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” Group์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ %๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋™ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด C-Group์—์„œ 52.5ยฑ9.8%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<.05), ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ D-Group์ด 36.7ยฑ8.2%๋กœ A-Group์— 33.9ยฑ9.2% ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ผ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด C-Group์—์„œ 52.4ยฑ10.0%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<.001), ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ D-Group 36.9ยฑ8.5%์™€ B-Group 34.8ยฑ8.7%์ด A-Group 32.3ยฑ9.2% ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<.001), ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ D-Group 54.8ยฑ10.0%์™€ C-Group 54.1ยฑ8.7%์ด A-Group 49.0ยฑ10.9% ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

๋…ผ์˜

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋นˆ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…๋ ฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ์•…๋ ฅ์— ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์–ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ ์ง€์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์šด๋™ ์ฃผ๋‹น ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋นˆ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[6,7,23]. ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
์žฅ์†Œ ์ด๋™ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ผ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 2017๋…„ ๋…ธ์ธ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์šด๋™์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 71.1%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒด์กฐ(๋งจ์†์ฒด์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™œ์ฒด์กฐ), ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ(์‹ค๋‚ด), ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ, ํ—ฌ์Šค, ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ฒœ์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด 68.7%, ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด 74.0%๋กœ ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค[24]. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ด๋™ ๋ชฉ์  ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์šด๋™ ๋ชฉ์  ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค[25]. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ์‹ค์ฒœ ์ •๋„์™€ ๋นˆ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†’์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋™ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ Group์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 2017๋…„ ๋…ธ์ธ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋…ธ์ธ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šด๋™์‹ค์ฒœ ์ •๋„ ์ค‘ ๋ณด๋””๋นŒ๋”ฉ๊ณผ ํ—ฌ์Šค, ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ(์‹ค๋‚ด), ์ง€์ƒ๋ ˆ์ €์Šคํฌ์ธ (๋“ฑ์‚ฐ/๋น™์ƒ) ๋“ฑ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์šด๋™์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค[24]. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ Group์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…๋ ฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์•…๋ ฅ์— ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์–ด ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ํ†ตํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ณ€์ธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. ์ฐจํ›„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์•…๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์•…๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋…ธ์ธ 1,427๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•…๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
๋‘˜์งธ, ์žฅ์†Œ ์ด๋™ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’์€ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
์…‹์งธ, ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™์€ ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์—ฌ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋‹น ๋†’์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ์šด๋™์ด ์•…๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Tableย 1.
Subjectโ€™s physical characteristics and handgrip strength
M (n=624) F (n=803) Total
Age (year) 72.65ยฑ4.92 72.89ยฑ5.17 72.78ยฑ5.06
Height (cm) 165.38ยฑ5.58 151.67ยฑ5.75 157.66ยฑ8.85
Weight (kg) 64.44ยฑ9.03 56.41ยฑ8.44 59.91ยฑ9.56
Hand strength (%) 50.50ยฑ10.76 34.60ยฑ8.87 41.54ยฑ12.53
Tableย 2.
Activity participation prefecture by physical activity type of the elderly
A-Group B-Group C-Group D-Group Total
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity M 524 39 32 29
F 737 41 18 7
Move place Physical Activity M 317 126 71 110 M=624
F 406 173 99 125 F=803
Walking Exercise M 136 154 102 232 n=1,427
F 261 218 101 223
Resistance Training Exercise M 438 33 54 99
F 733 14 22 34
Tableย 3.
Difference of handgrip strength according to physical activity in the elderly
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity
Move place Physical Activity
Walking Exercise
Resistance Training Exercise
M F M F M F M F
A-Group 50.11ยฑ10.90 34.33ยฑ8.80 49.93ยฑ11.06 33.90ยฑ9.18 49.61ยฑ11.80 32.31ยฑ9.15 49.00ยฑ10.87 34.42ยฑ8.90
B-Group 52.66ยฑ10.37 37.55ยฑ9.45 50.09ยฑ10.85 34.38ยฑ8.50 49.37ยฑ10.09 34.82ยฑ8.71 51.73ยฑ9.90 37.38ยฑ8.62
C-Group 52.47ยฑ8.34 36.61ยฑ9.22 52.53ยฑ9.80 35.19ยฑ8.66 52.40ยฑ10.00 35.03ยฑ8.01 54.05ยฑ8.70 36.84ยฑ9.10
D-Group 52.46ยฑ10.74 38.99ยฑ8.37 51.32ยฑ10.28 36.72ยฑ8.21 50.94ยฑ10.79 36.87ยฑ8.46 54.81ยฑ10.00 35.93ยฑ7.85
p .232 .050 .238 .016 .103 .000 .000 .277
Post-hoc A<D A<B,D A<C,D

Hand strength : Hand strength(kg) / Weight(kg) x 100, %

References

1. Statistics Korea. Statistics of the elderly. 2019; http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/1/index.board.

2. Baek SK, Yeom DS, Seo JK. The influence of health promoting behavior on expectation emotion and social connectivity in the elderly physical education participants. Koreasn Journal of Sport. 2019; 17(1):171โ€“180.

3. Kwak KI, Baek CH, Ryu SY. Relationship between the physical activity levels and health care utilization in korean elderly. Korea Academy Industrial Coopertation Society. 2015; 16(1):617โ€“626.
crossref pdf
4. Seo YM, Kang MS, Jeon MY. Predictive factors on level of physical activity in the community dwelling elderly. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society. 2016; 7(6):151โ€“160.
crossref
5. Koo KM, Kim CJ. Analysis of ecological factors of older adults participating in moderate to vigorous physical activities. Journal of Adapted Physical Activity and Exercise. 2018; 26(3):67โ€“83.

6. Moon HJ, Lee IS. Gender-based comparison of physical activity levels of older korean adults with chronic disease. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2011; 13(2):120โ€“130.

7. Jung HS, Lee BK. The difference of blood lipid and cognitive ability among female elderly people according to their physical exercise frequency. Korean Journal of Sport. 2017; 15(3):545โ€“552.

8. Lee IH, Kang HS. Association of health physical fitness and serum vitamin D with global cognitive performance in older persons. Ksles. 2016; 23(2):217โ€“224.
crossref
9. Chung JS. Effect of leg strength on flexibility, balance and gait characteristics in elderly woman. The Korean Journal of Growth and Development. 2011; 19(3):233โ€“239.

10. Liu CJ, Latham NK. Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 8(3):2759โ€“2768.
crossref
11. Nair KS. Aging muscle. The Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81(5):953โ€“963.
crossref pmid pdf
12. Lee KS, Woo KJ, Shim JH, Lee GH. The clinical study of grip and pinch strength in normal korean adult Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 1995; 30(6):1589โ€“1597.

13. Lee HS, Lee CH. The effect of progressive resistance training with elastic band on grip strength and balance in middle elderly women. J Kor Phys Ther. 2013; 25(2):110โ€“116.

14. Chung JY, Lee JW, Im JY, Lee DC. Hand grip power is independently associated with physical function in community dwelling elderly. Korean J Clin Geri. 2010; 11(4):315โ€“323.

15. Cho JK, Yoon ES, Park SH. Association of relative handgrip strength with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in korean adults: a community based cohort study. Exercise Science. 2019; 28(3):303โ€“310.
crossref pdf
16. Choi MJ, Kim GY. The effects of relative handgrip strength on cognitive function: the moderating roles of paid employment status and social activities. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society. 2019; 39(3):549โ€“567.
crossref
17. Lee JA. Relationship between grip strength and prevalence of hypertension in korean adults: the sixth korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2015. Asian J Kinesiol. 2017; 19(3):53โ€“60.
crossref pdf
18. Taekema DG, Gussekloo J, Maier AB, Westendorp RG, de Craen AJ. Handgrip strength as a predictor of functional, psychological and social health. A prospective population-based study among the oldest old. Age Ageing. 2010; 39(3):331โ€“337.
crossref pmid pdf
19. Hwang SH, Yu MS, Jeon JY. Impact of central obesity and physical activity behavior on health-related quality of life among korean older adults. Korean Journal of Sport Studies. 2018; 57(4):375โ€“386.
crossref
20. Jung DH, Kim JH. Relationships among muscle mass and obesity, metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and nutrient intake in elderly women: based on the 4th-5th (2008-2011) korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Korean J Community Living Sci. 2018; 29(4):469โ€“483.
crossref
21. Son JA. An analysis of factors related with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the elderly using 2008-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Yeungnam University graduate school, Yeong nam. Republic of Korea; 2018.

22. Kim YS. Association between Grip Strength as Diagnostic Criteria of Sarcopenia and Health-Related Quality of Life in Korean Elderly. Korean J Sports Med. 2018; 36(1):15โ€“23.
crossref
23. Lee KH, Choi JW, Lee NE, et al. Relationship between health-related physical fitness, cognitive function and isolation in the elderly. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society. 2018; 9(4):285โ€“301.

24. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Elderly status report 2017. 2017; http://www.mohw.go.kr.

25. Lee HS, Ahn JS, Chun SH. Analysis of environmental correlates with walking among older urban adults. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 2011; 39(2):65โ€“72.
crossref


ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
ARTICLE CATEGORY

Browse all articles >

AUTHOR INFORMATION
Editorial Office
Tel: +82-10-4670-0832    E-mail: editor@jkinesiol.org    

Copyright © 2026 by The Asian Society of Kinesiology and the Korean Academy of Kinesiology.

Developed in M2PI

Close layer
prev next